Ego Psychology 

Psychoanalysis is a theory of personality that has had a long-lasting impact on psychology. Freud's followers supported some elements of the theory, refined others, and outright rejected yet others.They contributed to personality psychology by paying serious attention to social factors contributing to an individual's development and experience (Shiraev, 2016). 

🟥Most of Freud's followers accepted the general idea that infantile conflicts affect the individual's adult experiences and personality features.

🟥Psychoanalytic therapy can help the individual become aware of these conflicts🟥🟥

 🟥This is the idea that unresolved conflicts from childhood can have a lasting impact on our personality and behavior.

🟥They also acknowledged that the individual is generally unaware of these conflicts.

🟥This is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping the individual to understand and resolve their unconscious conflicts.

 

Several trends emerged in the new wave of psychoanalysis.

• Some psychoanalysts focused on a further examination of the ego and its functioning.
• Ego psychology focuses on how the ego interacts with the social environment.
• Other psychoanalysts focused on the role of object relations in personality development.
• Object relations theory emphasizes the importance of early relationships with caregivers in shaping the individual's personality.

Other psychoanalysts focused on the role of culture in personality development.

Cultural psychoanalysis emphasizes the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping the individual's personality (Shiraev, 2016). 

Resources

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories: A Global View. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

 

 Sometimes the Things We Enjoy Doing the Most Are the Things We Don't Want Others to See

We all have things that we enjoy doing, but sometimes those things are things that we don't want others to see. Maybe we're embarrassed about them, or maybe we think that others won't understand. Whatever the reason, there's something about these activities that makes us want to keep them private.

• There are many reasons why we might enjoy doing things that we don't want others to see. Sometimes, it's because these activities are simply a way for us to relax and de-stress. When we're around other people, we often feel like we have to put on a front and pretend to be someone we're not. But when we're alone, we can let loose and be ourselves.

• Other times, we enjoy doing things that we don't want others to see because they're a way for us to express ourselves creatively. Maybe we're a writer who likes to write in a private journal, or maybe we're a musician who likes to sing in the shower. These activities allow us to tap into our creativity and express ourselves in ways that we might not be able to do in front of others.

• Finally, sometimes we enjoy doing things that we don't want others to see because they're a way for us to escape from reality. Maybe we're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, and we need a way to take a break from our everyday lives. Watching a sad movie or reading a trashy novel can be a way for us to escape from our problems and just relax for a while.

Whatever the reason, there's nothing wrong with enjoying things that we don't want others to see. In fact, these activities can be a healthy way for us to relax, express ourselves, and escape from reality. So next time you feel the urge to do something that you're not sure you should do, go ahead and do it. You might be surprised at how much you enjoy it.

Psychoanalysis in Nazi Germany: A Dark Chapter in History

 

Psychoanalysis as a theory and its application in clinical, educational, and other spheres was influenced by each country’s conditions.

 

Freud’s works were translated into several languages:

French  

                             English

 Spanish     🌍

Italian                Russian

In the Soviet Union in the 1920s, some government officials initially supported psychoanalysis despite the official communist doctrine of limiting the spread of scientific knowledge from capitalist countries (Shiraev, 2016). 

🧩These officials believed that psychoanalysis could help reveal the psychological weaknesses and flaws of individuals living in a capitalist society.

Several Soviet scholars received government funding to start psychoanalytic centers.

🎞️🎞️Sabrina Spielrein (1885–1942)

 Soviet psychoanalyst and former patient and confidante of Jung, returned to the Soviet Union to use psychoanalysis in her work with children. Her life was popularized in the 2011 Hollywood movie A Dangerous Method, in which Keira Knightley played her role (Shiraev, 2016). 

📅1930s        

• 📅📅Soviet Union's support for psychoanalysis ended
• 🌍🌍 Psychoanalysis theorizes the power of unconscious processes and this did not align with the communist ideology.
• 🌍Communists believed that all inner conflicts within someone would disappear once they were placed in conditions of what they called social equality under communism (Shiraev, 2016). 
• 🌍🧩🧩 From the 1930's to the 1980s psychologists in the Soviet Union could only write or teach about Freud and his views from a critical perspective.

🟥 Psychoanalysis was labeled Jewish science and this allowed Germany to openly attack professors and clinicians (Shiraev, 2016).

🟥In 1933 The Nazi Party rose to power.

🟥Germany collected and burned Freud's books🟥Anyone who studied or taught psychoanalysis was punished

 

 Only a few managed to emigrate from Germany to the United States or other countries; many others died in concentration camps. Psychoanalysis was soon officially banned in Germany as both a theory and treatment method (Shiraev, 2016).