A Tale of Sex, Strivings, and Wholeness

 The Three Psychoanalysts

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Jung, Freud, and Adler all believed that personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and that the unconscious mind plays a significant role in human behavior. They also all believed that people are motivated by a variety of factors including both conscious and unconscious desires (Shiraev, 2016).

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• The Three (Shiraev, 2016):

• Freud believed that the primary motivator of human behavior is sex drive, and he also believed that personality is largely determined by early childhood experiences, particularly the Oedipus complex.
• Adler believed that the primary motivator of human behavior is the striving for superiority - power, competence, and significance. He also emphasized the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping personality.
• Jung believed that the primary motivator of human behavior is the striving for wholeness - self-actualization. He also believed that personality is influenced by both the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious.

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References

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

 

"The Dark Side of the Force Awakens"

 Psychoanalysis: A New Take on the Human Mind in a Changing World

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The social and cultural changes at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century provided a fertile ground for the emergence of psychoanalysis. (Shiraev, 2016). Some of the key changes that influenced psychoanalysis include:

1. The rise of industrialization and urbanization led to a breakdown of traditional social structures and a sense of dislocation and alienation among many people. This created a need for new ways to understand and treat mental illness.
2. An increase in individualism and the pursuit of happiness led to a greater awareness of the inner world of the mind and a desire to understand the unconscious forces that shape our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
3. The growing popularity of secularism and skepticism led to a decline in religious authority and a greater willingness to question traditional explanations of human behavior.

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All of these changes created a climate in which people were more open to new ideas about the mind and human nature. Sigmund Freud's theories of psychoanalysis provided a new way to understand and treat mental illness, and they offered a new perspective on human development and behavior (Shiraev, 2016).

Here are some specific examples of how social and cultural changes related to emerging theories of psychoanalysis:

1. Freud's theory of the Oedipus complex was influenced by his observations of the changing social roles of men and women in the late nineteenth century.
2. Freud's theory of the superego was influenced by his belief that the decline of religious authority had led to an increase in internalized guilt and anxiety.
3. Freud's theory of the unconscious was influenced by the growing acceptance of hypnosis and other forms of suggestion therapy
4. Carl Jung's theory of archetypes was influenced by the study of mythology and religion from around the world. He argued that these myths and religions reflected universal patterns in the human psyche (Shiraev, 2016). 

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Psychoanalysis has had a profound influence on our understanding of the mind and human behavior. It has also had a significant impact on other fields, such as literature, art, and film.

Here are some other factors that also contributed to the emergence of psychoanalysis:

1.  The development of scientific methods, such as hypnosis and free association, allowed psychoanalysts to assess the unconscious mind.
2. The work of mental health pioneers such as Pierre Janet and Jean-Martin Charcot laid the groundwork for Freud's theories (Shiraev, 2016).
3. Freud's own personal experiences such as his own struggles with mental illness and his work with neurotic patients.

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Psychoanalysis is a complex and multifaceted field, and its relationship to social and cultural change is complex as well. However, it is clear that the social and cultural changes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries played a significant role in the emergence of psychoanalysis as a major theoretical and clinical approach to mental health.

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References

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

 

Freud on

Conflict and Anxiety

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Each stage of Freud's psychosexual development presents certain conflicts in which the child attempts to settle using social and familial constraints (Gould,& Howson 2021). Freud believed that a fixation could continue into adulthood and cause psychological disorders like neurosis and hysteria. Freud also believed that when we do not resolve these conflicts then we can develop a fixation on an erogenous area.

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Freud believed that there was constant conflict among the id, ego, and superego. The id always wants to be satisfied while the ego fights for the need to deal with reality, and the superego attempts to provide the person with a sense of morality and ethics. Freud believed that this constant battle could create anxiety (Gould,& Howson 2021):

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  Neurotic Anxiety
• When someone believes that they will lose control of the id's desires and be punished for inappropriate behavior. For example, children touching their genitals in public A
• Reality Anxiety
• Being afraid of events that are happening in the real world such as a car crash.
• Moral Anxiety
• This occurs when someone is afraid they will violate their society's moral principles such as killing a parent

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Freud believed that when anxiety starts, the ego tries to resolve the conflict by using defense mechanisms. Freud, his daughter, and his successors identified and classified defense mechanisms (Gould,& Howson 2021) :

• Repression
• A thought or memory is prevented from entering the consciousness.
• Projection
• When someone places their own undesirable thoughts on someone else. An example would be someone believing that someone else does not like them when in reality they do not like the person.
• Rationalization
• Someone justifies a behavior or belief for reasons other than the usually socially or morally unacceptable reasons that really lie behind the belief or behavior. An example is someone stealing from their boss because they believe that they are underpaid.
• Regression
• Weh someone temporarily reverts back to an earlier development stage when faced with a stressor.

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References

 Gould, M., & Howson, A. (2021). Freud and Personality Development. Salem Press Encyclopedia.