Possible Med Treatments for Crystal Meth

 ADDICTION

As of right now, there are no meds that have been approved by the FDA to counteract the specific effects of meth by someone addicted to it. NIDA (2019) states on its website that research into medications of this nature is a priority.

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Drug researchers are typically looking for medications that can counteract the known physiological effects of chronic methamphetamine use. They may also test medications that have shown promise in treating other addictions or psychiatric disorders. Here are some of the targets and strategies that have shown promise in animal or human studies related to methamphetamine use disorder (Abuse 2019) :

• Neuroimmune system - Chronic meth usage is associated with over-activating microglia which mediate inflammation in the central nervous system.
• Ibudilast and Minocycline are currently being studied for their effectiveness.🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍🌈
• Cognitive enhancement - Several drugs are under investigation that fall into this category.

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Dopamine agonist treatment - 

Medications that activate the same receptors as an addictive drug can be effective in treating other addictions. For example, methadone and buprenorphine are opioid agonists that can be used to treat opioid use disorder, and nicotine replacement therapy can be used to help people quit smoking.

Since methamphetamine targets the dopamine system, researchers are investigating stimulant medications that activate dopamine receptors (agonists) as potential medications to treat methamphetamine use disorder. These medications are often used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

In summary, medications that activate the same receptors as an addictive drug are a promising new approach to treating methamphetamine use disorder.

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Other monoamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine targets - 

Methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms are similar to depression, so researchers are investigating the use of antidepressants that act on the serotonin and norepinephrine systems to treat methamphetamine use disorder. Antipsychotic medications also act on the dopamine system and may have promise for ameliorating the effects of chronic methamphetamine use.

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The Opioid System - 

The opioid system is thought to be involved in the euphoric effects of addictive drugs. Candidate medications for methamphetamine use disorder that target the opioid system include the opioid antagonist naltrexone and the opioid partial agonist buprenorphine.

Naltrexone

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist, which means that it blocks the effects of opioids on the brain. It is currently being studied in combination with the antidepressant bupropion for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder.

Buprenorphine

Buprenorphine is an opioid partial agonist, which means that it activates the opioid receptors in a weaker way than opioids like methamphetamine. It is currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of opioid use disorder, and some research suggests that it may also be helpful for methamphetamine use disorder.

Both naltrexone and buprenorphine have the potential to reduce methamphetamine cravings and relapse rates. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of these medications for methamphetamine use disorder.

Overall, medications that target the opioid system are a promising new approach to treating methamphetamine use disorder.

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GABA and glutamate systems

Several medications targeting disruptions in the balance of excitation and inhibition (mediated by the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate) are being investigated to treat methamphetamine use disorder. This is because methamphetamine use can disrupt the balance between these two systems, leading to increased excitation and decreased inhibition.

Medications that target the GABA and glutamate systems may be helpful for reducing methamphetamine cravings, relapse rates, and other symptoms of methamphetamine use disorder. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of these medications.

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Hormones

The hormones cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) and oxytocin have both shown promise in reducing the rewarding properties of methamphetamine in animals. However, more research is needed to determine whether these hormones are effective in treating methamphetamine use disorder in humans.

Overall, medications that target the GABA and glutamate systems and hormones like CCK-8 and oxytocin are promising new approaches to treating methamphetamine use disorder.

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References

 Abuse, N. I. on D. (2019, October). What treatments are effective for people who misuse methamphetamine? National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-treatments-are-effective-people-who-misuse-methamphetamine

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TM

 What?

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

TMS is a noninvasive method of stimulating the brain by using magnetic pulses for therapeutic purposes. Researchers are studying this approach, but this usually only works in very early stages.  (Abuse, 2019)

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Vaccines and antibodies

Methamphetamine vaccines

Which recruits the body's immune system to keep the drug from entering the brain, is currently being tested in animals, and a human clinical trial is currently underway to test an immunologic agent called a monoclonal antibody, which binds to methamphetamine and neutralizes it before it can exert its effects.b

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 Neurofeedback

This is a type of biofeedback that uses real-time displays of brain activity commonly electroencephalography- to teach people how to regulate their own brain function.

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References

 Abuse, N. I. on D. (2019). What treatments are under development for methamphetamine use and addiction? National Institute on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/what-treatments-are-under-development-methamphetamine-use-addiction

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Gestalt 🖼️

 

Gestalt psychology and Gestalt therapy: A holistic approach to human experience

Behaviorism has been a dominant force in Western psychology for many decades, but there has always been a counter-current of interest in the subjective element of human experience. Gestalt psychology, developed by European psychologists such as Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka, is one of the most important schools of thought in this tradition.

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Gestalt psychology challenges the traditional view of the mind as a builder that collects and assembles individual elements of experience. Instead, Gestalt psychologists argue that our experience is organized into integrated and constant patterns or wholes. This holistic approach has had a significant impact on both personality psychology and clinical psychology.

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Personality Psychology🪟🪟🪟🪟🪟🪟

1. Gestalt theory has led to a new understanding of the self as a coherent system rather than a collection of separate parts. This has helped us to understand how our needs, hopes, strengths, and weaknesses interact to shape our overall sense of self.( Shiraev 2016).

In personality psychology, Gestalt theory has led to a new understanding of the self as a coherent.

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🪟🪟🪟🪟🪟🪟 Clinical psychology

Gestalt therapy has emerged as a popular approach to psychotherapy. Gestalt therapy is based on the idea that psychological problems arise when the structure of our experience is disrupted. Gestalt therapists help clients to become more aware of their present-moment experience and to identify the unfinished business that may be causing them distress .( Shiraev 2016).

• One of the key features of Gestalt therapy is its emphasis on the here and now. Gestalt therapists believe that the past can only be understood and changed in the context of the present. They also believe that it is important to embrace our immediate experiences, both positive and negative.

• Gestalt therapy has been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of psychological problems, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and eating disorders. It is a particularly helpful approach for people who are struggling to come to terms with change or loss.

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Here are some of the key principles of Gestalt psychology and Gestalt therapy:

1. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This means that our experience is organized into integrated patterns, not just collections of separate elements.
2. We are constantly interacting with our environment. Gestalt psychology emphasizes the importance of the relationship between the individual and their environment.
3. Our experience is organized in the present moment. Gestalt therapy focuses on helping clients to become more aware of their present-moment experience and to identify the unfinished business that may be causing them distress.
4. We are responsible for our own choices. Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility and empowerment.

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References

 Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories: A Global View. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US).                    https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795