Shadow Pulse 9

  Voyeurism Voyeurism is believed to be the most common paraphilic disorder (Hooley, et al. 2019). Someone can be diagnosed with voyeuristic disorder if they have recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving the observation of unsuspecting people who are undressing or of couples engaging in sexual activity (Hooley et al. 2019). Voyeurism is often accompanied by exhibitionism, and it is also associated with interest in sadomasochism and cross-dressing. Why do some people adopt this behavior?     Here are the DSM-5 criteria for a Voyeuristic Disorder: 🟦Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.  🟦The individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause clinically significant dist...

When a Paraphilia Becomes a Disorder 🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱🧱  Paraphilic disorders are characterized by recurrent, intense sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that are atypical in terms of their targets, context, or participants, and that cause significant distress or impairment in the individual's life. These urges and behaviors generally involve (Hooley et al., 2019) : abnormal targets of sexual attraction such as objects or children\ unusual courtship behaviors such as watching someone undress without their consent or exposing themselves to others without consent. the desire for pain and suffering of oneself or other people. 🟥Paraphilias challenge the authors of DSM editions for two main reasons (Hooley et al, 2019): Some paraphilias are considered pathological even if the person experiencing the symptoms does not experience any distress. Some other categories of paraphilia may be compatible with psychological health and happiness if all par...

Does ADHD affect the relationship between circadian typologies, insomnia, IGD 🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷 Recently a study was done to evaluate the relationships between circadian typologies, insomnia, and internet gaming disorder and how ADHD affects this relationship. Researchers took three groups of 69 young adults (Lin et al., 2023) : A group with Internet Gaming Disorder A control group - comprising age and sex-matched nongamers A group of gamers without IGD was established through diagnostic interviews. The participants with IGD exhibited lower composite scale of morningness scores and thus a higher eveningness preference (Lin et al., 2023). The group with IGD scored higher on the Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale. The participants with IGD and ADHD exhibited lower CSM scores but higher PRIS_20 scores than the participants with IGD but without ADHD (Lin et al., 2023). 🟥These findings indicate that participants with IGD experienced more severe insomnia...

Introspection 🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 The founders of experimental psychology used the methods of experimental introspection which involved asking subjects to focus on their personal reflections and then relate them to outside signals. Most of the subjects were male and asked to rate their experiences on a one to ten-point scale. Psychologists at the time believed that introspection could be used to study mental elements such as sensations and feelings. 🟩There were limitations of introspection 🟩Introspection was not appropriate for studying complex psychological processes. 🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 Mary Calkins' self-psychology Calkins was a psychologist who understood the limitations of introspection. Her new approach to psychology focused on the self which had three founding concepts (Shiraev, 2016) : The self The object The self's relation or attitude toward that object. Two levels of the self  (Shiraev, 2016): co...

  Suicide: A Cry for Help ⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛ Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, and it is the second leading cause of death among young people ages 15-24. It is a serious public health issue that affects people of all ages, races, and ethnicities. ⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛ There are many reasons why someone might consider suicide. Some people may feel hopeless or like they have no way out of their problems. Others may be struggling with mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety. Still others may have experienced trauma or abuse. ⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛⬛ Whatever the reason, suicide is never the answer. It is a permanent solution to a temporary problem. There are people who care about you and want to help. If you are thinking about suicide, please reach out for help. There are many resources available, including: The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-TALK (8255) The Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741 The Tre...

   Psychology of Social Media Addiction 🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩 Social media has become an integral part of our lives. We use it to stay connected with friends and family, to share our thoughts and experiences, and to get the latest news and information. But for some people, social media can become addictive. Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to use social media. People with social media addiction may spend hours each day on social media, even when they know it is interfering with their work, school, or personal relationships. They may also feel anxious or restless when they are not using social media. There are a number of factors that can contribute to social media addiction. One factor is the way that social media is designed. Social media platforms are designed to be addictive. They use features such as notifications, likes, and shares to keep users engaged. They also use algorithms to ...

  Cognitive Dissonance: The Psychology of Inconsistency 🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀🌀 Have you ever made a decision that you later regretted? Or maybe you've done something that went against your values? If so, you've probably experienced cognitive dissonance. 🌀🌀 Cognitive dissonance is a state of discomfort that occurs when a person's beliefs or attitudes are inconsistent with their behavior. This discomfort motivates the person to reduce the dissonance by changing their beliefs, attitudes, or behavior (Shiraev, 2016). For example, let's say you believe that smoking is bad for your health, but you still smoke. This creates cognitive dissonance because your behavior (smoking) is inconsistent with your belief (smoking is bad for your health). There are a few different ways to reduce cognitive dissonance One way is to change your beliefs. In this case, you might start to believe that smoking is not as bad for your health as you thought.  A...