The Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant that affects the central nervous system. It is the most widely used drug in the world, with over 70% of people in the United States over the age of 18 reporting alcohol consumption within the previous 12 months (Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, 2019).
Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and small intestine. Its effects are usually felt within 20 minutes. The amount of alcohol that is absorbed depends on a number of factors, including the amount of alcohol consumed, the food in the stomach, and the person's body weight. Alcohol affects the brain by slowing down the activity of neurons. This can lead to a number of changes in mood, behavior, and physical functioning.
Some of the short-term effects of alcohol include:
- Relaxation
- Euphoria
- Reduced inhibitions
- Increased sociability
- Slurred speech
- Poor coordination
- Reduced reaction time
- Drowsiness
- Blackouts
Alcohol can also have long-term effects on the brain. Heavy drinking over time can damage brain cells and lead to a number of conditions, including:
- Alcohol dependence
- Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- Dementia
- Stroke
- Liver disease
- Heart disease
- Cancer
Alcohol can also be addictive. People who are addicted to alcohol may experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop drinking. These symptoms can include anxiety, tremors, nausea, and vomiting.
If you are concerned about your drinking, it is important to talk to a doctor or a therapist. They can help you assess your drinking and develop a plan to reduce or stop drinking.
Here are some tips for reducing your drinking:
- Set limits on how much you drink.
- Drink slowly and evenly.
- Eat before you drink.
- Avoid drinking on an empty stomach.
- Drink non-alcoholic beverages in between alcoholic drinks.
- Take breaks from drinking.
- Have a plan for how you will get home safely if you are drinking.
References
Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2019). Foundations of Addictions Counseling (4th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9780135169858
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