Erikson

Erikson

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• Erik Erikson was born in 1902 in Germany and trained at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute before coming to the United States.

🧱Taught atYale University

🧱Taught at the University of California at Berkley

🧱Taught at Harvard

🧱 Worked as a psychology practitioner

🧱Erikson proposed that the ego is supposed to develop in stages

Erikson's eight stages of development (Shiraev, 2016). 

  Stage                                      Ego Crisis                                     Age                        Positive Outcome

     One                                    TrustVs.Mistrust                           0-2                                  Hope

     Two                               Autonomy vs shame/doubt                2-3                                  Will

    Three                             Initiative vs Guilt                               3-5                                Purpose

      

   Four                             Industry vs Inferiority                      5-12                           Competence

    

  Five                                Ego identity vs role confusion         adolescence                 Fidelity

Six                                 Intimacy vs. Isolation                        Young Adulthood        Love

Seven                             Generativity                                        Adulthood             Care

Eight                              Ego integrity vs despair                       Maturity               Wisdom

 

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According to Erikson if the crisis for a certain stage was not met, then the ego would lose strength which would result in poor adaption (Shiraev, 2016). 

🧱Identity Crisis

Erikson believed it was the result of tension or conflict between the developing ego and the changing world (Shiraev, 2016). 

• Erikson's theory differed from psychoanalysis which theorized that the personality is shaped during infancy and early childhood. 
• So basically Erikson's theory of development stated that development was an ongoing process, and psychoanalytic theories believed that infancy and early childhood developed personality.

🧱1969 Erikson wrote about the great Indian Mohandas Gandhi

Erikson believed the goal of psychotherapy was to encourage the growth of whatever virtues a person was missing so that person could achieve happiness(Shiraev, 2016).  

References

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories: A Global View. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795