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Humanistic Psychology
Focuses on the individual and their unique experiences and emerged in the 1950s and 1960s as a reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis which were two dominant schools of thought at the time.
Humanist Psychologists
- Emphasized the importance of free will, responsibility, and self-actualization and believed that people are fundamentally good and have the capacity to grow and develop into their full potential.
They believed that psychology had lost sight of the individual.
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Criticisms of behaviorism (Shiraev 2015):
- Behaviorism is too simplistic and deterministic and reduces human behavior to a set of learned responses that ignore the role of free will and personal responsibility.
- Behaviorism is focused on changing behavior rather than helping people to understand and grow.
- Behaviorism ignores consciousness and the subjective experience of the person
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Criticisms of psychoanalysis (Shiraev 2015):
- Too focused on the unconscious and the past and it neglects the conscious mind and the potential for growth and change.
- Psychoanalysis is too pessimistic and deterministic and views people as being controlled by unconscious forces.
- Too expensive and time-consuming.
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References
Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795
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