Principles
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Five Theoretical Principles of the Humanistic Tradition ( Shiraev 2016)"
- It viewed people from a holistic perspective
- People are more than the sum of their habits, reflexes, and mental operations.
- Does not just focus on isolated behaviors
- People are aware of their own psychological processes
- Humanistic Theory shifts the focus from the unconscious to the conscious
- People's existence is not limited to their immediate surroundings.
- A person has material, social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions
- Free will of the people
- the choice comes with accountability
- people can make mistakes and learn from them
- People can control the outcomes of their behavior
- Human behavior is intentional and deliberate
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- People are not direct products of stimuli and circumstances
- People do not follow the imperatives of the unconscious mind.
- People are generally rational and logical in setting their goals and choosing the methods to achieve them.
- It is inherently optimistic and circumstances can affect all of us but we humans have the power to overcome challenges
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How does Humanistic Theory view when someone fails to achieve their goals despite their good intentions and effort?
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- Humanistic Psychology focuses on the actual experience of a person
- They prefer qualitative research methods to quantitative procedures and stress the importance of a deep examination (Shiraev 2016):
- concerns
- memories
- plans
- feeling
- actions
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Existentialism:
- focuses on someone's individual uniqueness, free will, and responsibility.
- People are not substances with fixed properties
- People are not subjects interacting with a world of objects
Controversial Assumptions of Existentialism (Shiraev 2016):
- Human existence is tragic
- People are free but struggle with society's demands
- Most people do not know what to do with their freedom.
- Every moment we are getting closer to death
- No matter what we do and how hard we try the final results do not match our expectations and we are left sad and disoriented.
- Life is painful and absurd
- There is no true meaning in life
- attempts to find meaning are fruitless
- existential attitude- when we can't find meaning then this adds to a sense of confusion
- existential crisis - when someone questions the foundations of life and asks whether their life has any meaning, purpose, or value.
- Finding no answers causes anxiety and depression in people.
- Steps can be taken to address the tragic nature and absurdity of our lives
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Where do Anxiety and Depression Originate from:
- Anxiety and Depression manifest because people need answers and do not find them. There is no certainty in life except for death (Shiraev 2016).
What are their solutions?
- Some celebrate the power of human will and power.
- Some encourage people to revolt against their own existence
- Others encourage people to look beyond their prescribed social roles
- Some choose therapy to address anxieties
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References
Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795
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