Navigating

 The Waves of Change: Embracing Life's Dynamic Nature

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• Life is a continuous dance of change, an ever-evolving tapestry woven with threads of both anticipation and uncertainty. Like a river meandering through the landscape, our lives are constantly shifting and reshaping, adapting to the terrain and the currents that propel us forward. Some changes, like the gentle progression of seasons, unfold gradually, allowing us to prepare and adjust with ease. Others, like sudden storms, strike with unexpected force, leaving us scrambling to find our footing amidst the chaos.

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• Amidst this dynamic flux, the human spirit possesses an innate capacity to adjust, to adapt to the ever-changing landscape of life. Adjustment, in essence, is the process of altering our behavior or expectations to achieve a desired outcome or state of equilibrium. It's a dance of negotiation, a delicate balancing act between our internal desires and the external realities that surround us.

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Consider the simple act of driving. As we navigate the roads, we encounter unexpected obstacles, like traffic jams or sudden detours. In such instances, our adjustment mechanism kicks in, prompting us to seek a detour, slow down, or even consider an alternative route altogether. This automatic adaptation is a testament to our ability to respond to changing circumstances in real time.

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Similarly, we adjust our communication styles to match those of the people we interact with. Subconsciously, we mirror their verbal and nonverbal cues, creating a sense of rapport and connection. This ability to chameleonize, to blend in with our surroundings, is a crucial social skill that facilitates effective communication and understanding.

However, some adjustments are more profound, requiring a deeper level of conscious effort and personal transformation. The transition from high school to college, for instance, marks a significant turning point in an individual's life. It's a period of adapting to new environments, forming new friendships, and navigating the academic rigors of higher education.

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• In the realm of personality psychology, adjustment takes on a central role. It refers to the significant changes an individual undergoes in response to internal and external challenges. Adjustment, unlike coping, is not always a conscious or deliberate process. It can be a subtle shift in perspective, a gradual acceptance of new circumstances, or a complete overhaul of one's beliefs and behaviors.

As we navigate the ever-changing currents of life, let us embrace the process of adjustment, not as a sign of weakness, but as a testament to our resilience and adaptability.  Let us view change not as a threat but as an opportunity for growth, a chance to reinvent ourselves and discover new possibilities.

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Remember, life is not a static destination but a continuous journey of transformation. Embrace the ebb and flow, the twists and turns, and let the process of adjustment guide you toward
a more fulfilling and resilient existence. 

Zimbardo

Experiment

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• The Stanford Prison Experiment was a psychology experiment conducted in 1971 by Philip Zimbardo at Stanford University.
• The experiment was designed to examine the psychological effects of imprisonment, particularly the effects of power and authority.

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• Participants were 24 male college students who were randomly assigned to be either prisoners or guards.
• The experiment took place in a mock prison that was set up in the basement of the psychology building.
• The guards were given instructions to maintain order and discipline in the prison, while the prisoners were given instructions to obey the guards.

🧪🧪 Results

• Within a few days, the guards began to exhibit abusive behavior towards the prisoners, including sleep deprivation, sexual humiliation, physical abuse, solitary confinement, and incessant prisoner counts.
• Many of the prisoners became depressed and disoriented
• Half of the student prisoners had to be released from the study because of psychological strain
• The experiment was terminated after six days due to the emotional suffering of the prisoners and the escalating abuse of the guards.

🧪🧪🧪Conclusion

• The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated the powerful effects of situational factors on human behavior.
• It also highlighted the dangers of unchecked power and the importance of ethical considerations in research.

The experiment was designed to be realistic so the participants were not told that it was a simulation. The experiment was videotaped and the recordings were used to study the behavior of the participants. The Stanford Prison Experiment was criticized for its ethical concerns but it is still considered to be one of the most important psychology experiments ever conducted.

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 References

 Lurigio, A. J. (2023). Stanford prison experiment. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.

The Shocking Experiment:

How Far Will You Go to Obey an Authority Figure?

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In July of 1961, psychologist Stanley Milgram began a series of about twenty social psychology experiments designed to test the way people comply with authority (Davidson 2022)

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• Milligram wanted to know how many people who were considered normal would continue to inflict pain on another person when told to do so by an authority figure.
• He was inspired by the atrocities committed during World War II by seemingly average German citizens who were following the orders of their leaders.

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First Experiment (Davidson 2022):

one adult played the role of an emotionless authority figure, while an actor played the role of the learner. The experimental subjects, all men, were cast in the role of the teacher and instructed to deliver an electric shock to the learner for each mistake. The shocks started at 15 volts up to 450 volts. The teacher was given a 45-volt shock before the experiment began to experience what the learner would feel. The teacher and learner were placed in separate rooms so that they could hear but not see each other. The teacher would read a work and the learner would have to choose the correct word from a list of four. The authority figure reminded the teacher to shock the learner with a stronger shock each time a mistake was made. The teacher was unaware that the learner was an actor.

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Before the experiment, Milgram polled Yale psychology graduate students and faculty about what percentage of people they predicted would administer the highest level of shock.

65 percent of the 40 men administered the full range of shocks. Not one of the 40 men stopped before reaching 300 volts.

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Milgram designed about twenty variations of this experiment and this is what he learned (Davidson 2022):

🧪🧪Women were slightly more likely than men to complete the shock series.

🥼🥼More people completed the shock series when the authority figure was in the room.

🟦🟦Fewer teachers completed the series when they had to physically place the actor's arm on the shock device.

👀👀About 2/3 of the teachers completed the shock series regardless of their cultural background or gender.

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Milgram concluded that in a structured society, an innate need exists that causes one to obey authority regardless of one's cultural background and gender. He also concluded that when people have little information about a situation, they tend to comply thoughtlessly to the demands of authority.

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Milgram was criticized strongly for the psychological discomfort that he allowed the subjects to feel and was denied tenure at Harvard. 

His later research produced the concept of "six degrees of separation"

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 Reference

 Davidson, M. S. (2022). Psychologist Stanley Milgram Begins Obedience-to-Authority Experiments. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

An Existential Journey From The Shadow to Self-Actualization:

A Creative Approach to Sobriety

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Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Rollo May were all influential psychologists who developed different theories of personality and psychopathology. While their theories had some similarities, they also had significant differences. If these three were to come together to develop a treatment plan for someone suffering from addiction they would likely draw on all of their different perspectives to create a comprehensive and individualized plan. Well I have been studying these guys this term and I believe that a daily schedule would look like this for the patient

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Here is a sample daily schedule therapy plan for someone suffering from an addiction based on the approaches of Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Rollo May

Monday

• Morning: Individual therapy with a Jungian therapist
• Afternoon: Group therapy
• Evening: Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Tuesday:

• Morning: Psychoanalysis with a Freudian therapist
• Afternoon: Mindfulness meditation\
• Evening: Art therapy

Wednesday:

• Morning: Support group meeting
• Afternoon: Relapse prevention workshop
• Evening: Individual therapy

Friday

• Morning: Individual therapy with a Jungian therapist
• Afternoon: Group therapy
• Evening: Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Saturday

• Morning: Mindfulness meditation
• Afternoon: Free time
  
• Evening: Support group meeting

Sunday

• Morning: Yoga
• Afternoon: Free time
• Evening: Individual therapy

Rollo May

Existential Psychology

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• A person's existence and experience is unique, exceptional, and unrepeatable
• Everyone is a universe in itself.
• Importance of a person's free will and choice
• It is necessary to consider every person as a unique entity in the context of their own circumstances, relationships, conditions, influences, and internal forces.

• Existential psychologists tend to be optimistic
• A self-improving person overcomes selfish desires and pride keeps away from the material world and practices meditation to reach a state of pure consciousness
• Focus on the awareness of others, and self-awareness to pursue pure consciousness and happiness.

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Rollo May

• His health problems early in life and his search for inner strength gave him a creative insight into personality psychology
• he believed anxiety was provoked by technological and social changes taking place in the world and he believed that these factors led to anxiety (Shiraev 2016):
• People were caught up in a conflict between the old world of tradition and the new world of change.
• Tradition represented stability and certainty and change was rooted in uncertainty and instability
• Emerging threats to the individual's fundamental family values
• This anxiety led to confusion which increased the sense of powerlessness and insignificance which can lead to anger and even violence

May encourage people to reduce their anxiety by rediscovering the importance of caring for one another.

3 Ways to cope with Fear:

1. Avoidance
2. Confronting
3. Accept it
4. Identifying it

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 References

 Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

Humanistic

 Principles

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Five Theoretical Principles of the Humanistic Tradition ( Shiraev 2016)"

• It viewed people from a holistic perspective
• People are more than the sum of their habits, reflexes, and mental operations.
• Does not just focus on isolated behaviors
• People are aware of their own psychological processes
• Humanistic Theory shifts the focus from the unconscious to the conscious
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  People's existence is not limited to their immediate surroundings.
• A person has material, social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions
• Free will of the people
• the choice comes with accountability
• people can make mistakes and learn from them
• People can control the outcomes of their behavior
• Human behavior is intentional and deliberate

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• People are not direct products of stimuli and circumstances
• People do not follow the imperatives of the unconscious mind.
• People are generally rational and logical in setting their goals and choosing the methods to achieve them.
• It is inherently optimistic and circumstances can affect all of us but we humans have the power to overcome challenges

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How does Humanistic Theory view when someone fails to achieve their goals despite their good intentions and effort?

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• Humanistic Psychology focuses on the actual experience of a person
• They prefer qualitative research methods to quantitative procedures and stress the importance of  a deep examination (Shiraev 2016):

1. concerns
2. memories
3. plans
4. feeling 
5. actions

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Existentialism:

1. focuses on someone's individual uniqueness, free will, and responsibility.
2. People are not substances with fixed properties
3. People are not subjects interacting with a world of objects

Controversial Assumptions of Existentialism (Shiraev 2016):

1. Human existence is tragic
1. People are free but struggle with society's demands
2. Most people do not know what to do with their freedom.
3. Every moment we are getting closer to death
4. No matter what we do and how hard we try the final results do not match our expectations and we are left sad and disoriented.
2. Life is painful and absurd
1. There is no true meaning in life
2. attempts to find meaning are fruitless
3. existential attitude- when we can't find meaning then this adds to a sense of confusion
4. existential crisis - when someone questions the foundations of life and asks whether their life has any meaning, purpose, or value.
5. Finding no answers causes anxiety and depression in people.
3. Steps can be taken to address the tragic nature and absurdity of our lives

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Where do Anxiety and Depression Originate from:

1. Anxiety and Depression manifest because people need answers and do not find them. There is no certainty in life except for death (Shiraev 2016).

What are their solutions?

• Some celebrate the power of human will and power.
• Some encourage people to revolt against their own existence
• Others encourage people to look beyond their prescribed social roles
• Some choose therapy to address anxieties

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References

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

Humanistic

 

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Humanistic Psychology

Focuses on the individual and their unique experiences and emerged in the 1950s and 1960s as a reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis which were two dominant schools of thought at the time.

Humanist Psychologists

• Emphasized the importance of free will, responsibility, and self-actualization and believed that people are fundamentally good and have the capacity to grow and develop into their full potential.

They believed that psychology had lost sight of the individual. 

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Criticisms of behaviorism (Shiraev 2015):

Behaviorism is too simplistic and deterministic and reduces human behavior to a set of learned responses that ignore the role of free will and personal responsibility.

Behaviorism is focused on changing behavior rather than helping people to understand and grow.

Behaviorism ignores consciousness and the subjective experience of the person

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Criticisms of psychoanalysis (Shiraev 2015):

Too focused on the unconscious and the past and it neglects the conscious mind and the potential for growth and change.

Psychoanalysis is too pessimistic and deterministic and views people as being controlled by unconscious forces.

Too expensive and time-consuming.

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References





Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795




 

The Revolution in Psychology that Put the Individual Back in the Center

 

Humanistic Psychology:

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• The humanistic tradition in personality psychology emerged during a period of great uncertainty and upheaval. World War II and the Cold War contributed to a widespread feeling of unease and anxiety which led to a growing interest in human psychology and a desire to understand how people can thrive in the face of adversity.
• Humanistic psychologists believe that people are fundamentally good and have the innate capacity to grow and develop. They focus on someone's subjective experience and their potential for self-actualization. They also emphasize the importance of free will and personal responsibility.
• In the second half of the past century, an influx of immigrants from all over the world brought a new wave of educated specialists.

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New and intriguing debates about the role of psychology emerged in the 1950s (Shiraev 2015):

• Some psychologists argued that psychology should use primarily experimental methods of investigation, while others believed that psychology should also embrace other approaches such as studying happiness, self-improvement, and compassion
• Humanistic psychologists believe that psychology should pay significant attention to human suffering and injustice and pursue goals to make society better.
• This view accelerated in the changing political culture of the 1960s as people challenged traditional norms and focused on civil rights and discrimination.

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Humanistic psychology is a broad and diverse tradition that focuses on the experiences and potential of individuals emphasizing the importance of free will, personal responsibility, and self-actualization. (Shiraev 2015)

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References 

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795

 

The Breaking Bad of Addiction Treatment

 Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud: 

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What if two of the most influential psychoanalytic thinkers of all time, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud were to work together to treat someone suffering from a crystal meth addiction. What would their approach be? How would they combine their theories and techniques to help someone overcome this devastating addiction?

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• Jung believed that addiction is a symptom of a deeper psychological problem and saw it as a way of coping with unresolved trauma, conflict, or meaninglessness in life. Jung would first strive to understand the underlying psychological factors that are contributing to the problem.
• Jung would use dream analysis, word association, and active imagination to help this person understand their unconscious mind.
• Using therapeutic techniques such as talk therapy and art therapy, Jung would help this person work through any unresolved issues.

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• 
  Freud might see this person's addiction as a way of coping with anxiety and conflict. He would also probably see it as a regression to an earlier stage of psychosexual development. So Freud would probably delve into understanding the patient's early childhood experiences and how they may have shaped this person's personality.
• Freud would probably use free association and some other techniques such as dream analysis and transference to delve into this patient's unconscious mind.
• Freud would then use some therapeutic techniques such as talk therapy and resistance analysis.
• "Transference and resistance are the pillars of psychoanalytic inquiry theoretically as well as clinically" (Frank 2012).

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If they set aside their differences and just agreed to disagree, then they would likely combine their approaches in a number of ways. They could use Jung's dream analysis techniques to understand the patient's unconscious mind, and then possibly use Freud's free association techniques to help the patient work through some unresolved issues.

What if they combined their different perspectives on addiction. Jung might view the patient's addiction as a symptom of a deeper psychological problem, while Freud might view it as a way of coping with anxiety and conflict. I don't see why they couldn't meet on common sacred ground and form an effective treatment plan for this patient.

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I am only a student but this is my dream scenario:

1. Session one
1. Jung and Freud meet with the patient for an initial assessment and ask the patient about their addiction, and early childhood experiences, and gather relevant information.
2. Session two
1. Jung steps up and meets with the patient for a dream analysis session by having the patient recall a recent dream and possibly interpret the dream's meaning.
3. Session three
1. Freud would step up and do a free association session with the patient. Hopefully, Freud would pick up on patterns and themes in the patient's thoughts.
4. Session four
1. Jung and Freud could come together to discuss their findings from the individual sessions and develop a combined treatment plan for the patient consisting of dream analysis, free association, and talk therapy.
5. Ongoing Sessions:
1. Jung and Freud would continue to meet with the patient on a regular basis to help them work through their addiction and underlying psychological issues by using a variety of techniques to help the patient develop some new coping mechanisms and live a more fulfilling life.

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References

Frank, G. (2012). On the concept of resistance: Analysis and reformulation. Psychoanalytic Review, 99(3), 421–435. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1521/prev.2012.99.3.421

Mother Archetype Symbols

What Do They Mean??

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According to Jung, there is a feminine personality hidden inside of the unconscious of every man and vice versa for women. They are labeled 

Anima

Animus

Anima-Animus - best illustragted with the chinese yin yang symbol

Jung believed that the majority of male or female genes determined someone's sex. However, the minority genes that do not determine the sex do not just disappear once the sex of the developing fetus is determined.(Mackey-Kallis 2023)

The Mother archetype or image of the mother goddess or great mother spans the world's religions and cultures. In psychology, it is often associated with (Mackey-Kallis 2023):

1. fertility
2. fruition
3. a garden
4. a cave
5. plowed field

• It is connected with birth or any round cavernous place and, by expansion, rebirth, or magical transformation and healing - all of which are positive connotations.
• The negative connotations of the mother archetype  (Mackey-Kallis 2023):
• the witch
• devouring dragon
• grave
• deep water
• any suffocating or annihilating energy 

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The first manifestation:

The mother complex can stimulate or inhibit her feminine instinct. The exaggeration of the feminine instinct is represented in the daughter whose only goal is to have children. She views her husband as an instrument only. She is self-defined as "living for others" However, she does not make any true or meaningful sacrifices for other people.

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The second manifestation:

The daughter with an overdeveloped sex drive which potentially replaces the maternal instinct. Jung believed that this could lead to an unconscious incestuous relationship with the father driven by jealousy of the mother.

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The third manifestation:

Jung's Archetypes: The Hidden Codes of Your Psyche

Archetypes

Jung believed that unconscious energy is manifested through archetypes. Archetypes are basically the words that articulate the unconscious material. Archetypes not only represent unconscious content brought into consciousness but they also exist outside of time and space.

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Archetypes may appear as universal symbols such as a mandala symbol or they are presented to us in a mythic story such as stories of rebirth. They emerge during states of reduced consciousness such as when we are daydreaming, dreaming, having visions, or in a state of delirium. "In these states, the check put upon unconscious contents by the concentration of the conscious mind ceases so that the unconscious material streams into the field of consciousness" (Mackey-Kallis 2023). They can also emerge during strong emotional states such as intense anger, love, hate, confusion, or pain.

• Archetypes are spontaneous and have a life of their own.
• They can not be permanently suppressed nor ordered to emerge and they are waiting to be revealed.

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What is the function of Archetypes?

• Well, Jung claimed it was dangerous to suppress or ignore the collective unconscious because he believed that someone's fate is predominantly determined by the unconscious.
• Suppressing the unconscious results in neurosis which is a nervous disorder characterized by intense emotional instability.
• When someone or a social group deviates too far from their instinctual foundations then they experience the full impact of unconscious forces (Mackey-Kallis 2023):
• they are meant to attract, convince, to fascinate, and to overpower
• cultures need to continually explore the archetypes of the unconsciousness
• they must constantly be reborn and reinterpreted for every generation or they can die.
• Jung believed that to fully live the human life we must continually find new interpretations of the archetypes of the collective unconscious.

 

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 References

Mackey-Kallis, S. (2023). Jungian archetypes and the collective unconscious. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. 

Jung's

Unconscious

Two types of unconscious according to Jung (Mackey-Kallis 2023):

1. Personal Unconscious - This is where personal dreams originate and are specific to the individual and involve material that may have been forgotten such as memories of birth or memories repressed from consciousness like child abuse.
2. Collective Unconscious - Archetypal dreams originate from here. This area is a reservoir of elemental configurations or archetypes that are outside of space and time and it is inherited. "Identical and present in all individuals and represents a common psychic substrate of a suprapersonal nature"
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Jung believed that the realm of consciousness does not make up the total psyche. Jung supports this claim through many years of clinical observations of patients' dreams and visions - especially schizophrenics.( Mackey-Kallis 2023)

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A quote from Jung printed by Mackey-Kallis (2023) states "Achieving individuation through the therapeutic method of complex psychology requires rendering conscious the energy of both the personal and collective unconscious, to reconcile the conflict between conscious and unconscious content.

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Transcendent Function

What Jung called reconciling the conflict between conscious and unconscious content.

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 References

Mackey-Kallis, S. (2023). Jungian archetypes and the collective unconscious. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. 

DIVINE ECHOS IN THE STIR

The Oceanic Feeling: A Whisper from the Divine?

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In chapter one of Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud starts by discussing the validity of the feeling of religion and he ponders if it is based on a misunderstanding of the world. Freud terms this feeling of "oceanic oneness" as a feeling that people report when they are feeling at one with the universe. Freud also states that many people interpret this feeling as evidence of a higher power. Freud did not have those feelings and he was skeptical of its religious significance. Freud suggested that it may be a way of coping with the feeling of isolation and insignificance that comes from living in a large and impersonal world. In chapter one, Freud goes on to say that a psychoanalytic explanation of this feeling is necessary and then he takes a stab at it.


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In this chapter, Freud discusses the development of the ego in early childhood 

Freud states that the ego extends into the unconscious id and has a definite boundary from the outside world. The state of being in love can blur the ego's boundaries. Pathology can also disturb the ego's boundaries. Freud also believed that the ego's self-recognition can be disturbed and that its boundaries between itself and the outside world are immovable. Freud believed that this feeling of oneness that is associated with religion and believing in a higher power may be a regression to an earlier state of mind in which the ego is not yet separated from the outside world. Freud admitted that it was difficult to prove or disprove this hypothesis. 

1. The infant's ego is initially fused with the external world and it only gradually learns to distinguish between itself and the outer world by a process that is driven by the need to avoid pain and seek out pleasure.
1. Freud believed that this feeling of oneness with the universe/ higher power was a vestige of the original feeling of the ego and that this feeling is probably present in many people to varying degrees.
2. Freud pondered the possibility that this feeling of oneness is a glimpse into our deepest selves and our connection to the world around us.

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Freud discusses the concept of conservation of memory in the mind

• Freud makes an analogy of the fact that we can find traces of ancient Rome in the modern city to finding traces of our earliest memories in our minds.
• It is possible for the way that the ego feels in our infanthood to exist alongside the ego feels in its highly developed state of maturity.
• Freud stated that one part of an attitude or impulse can survive unchanged while another part undergoes further development.

Freud's analogy of Rome and the human mind suggests that our minds are layered with our earliest memories and that they are still present even though they are buried under the layers of development which has implications for our understanding of ourselves and our world

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Freud discusses the limitations of our ability to understand the mind in terms of spatial representation.

Freud gives another analogy:

1. He imagines a city where all the buildings from the past are still standing even though they are now stacked on top of each other.
2. He states that this would be impossible in the real world because the same space cannot hold two of the same things at the same time.
3. Freud compares this city to the human mind by stating just as this city preserves traces of its past so does the mind.
1. Freud points out that events such as trauma or inflammation can damage and lead to the loss of memories.

• This is a good analogy; however, the mind is more resilient to change while cities are constantly changing.

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Need for Religion

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Freud believed that the need for religion is more likely derived from the child's feeling of helplessness and the longing it evokes for a father

Freud discusses how the oceanic feeling could become connected with religion later on

• This feeling is a first attempt at the consolation of religion and another way of the ego denying the dangers it sees threatening it in the external world.
• Freud stated that he found it difficult to work with these theories or to prove them. but that he was sure that the "oceanic" feeling may play a role in a religious belief.

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Conclusion

Freud's arguments are based on both psychological and philosophical reasoning and he uses his knowledge of the development of the ego to argue that the "oceanic" feeling is likely related to an early stage in development. He uses his knowledge of the history of religion to argue that the need for religion is more likely derived from the child's feeling of helplessness and the longing for its father.

The author's arguments are persuasive, but they are not without their critics. Some people have argued that the "oceanic" feeling is not simply a regression to an early stage in development, but that it is a genuine experience of something beyond the self. Others have argued that the need for religion is not simply based on the child's feeling of helplessness, but that it is also based on a desire for meaning and purpose in life.

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References

 Freud, S. (2014). Civilization and its discontents. Penguin Classics.

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Freud On ICE:

 Crystals From Down Under

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Sigmund Freud's approach to treating crystal meth addiction would likely be different from Jung's in a number of ways. Freud believed that addiction is a symptom of repressed childhood trauma or sexual conflict. He would likely use psychoanalysis to help the person to uncover and address these issues.

Freud also believed that addiction is a way of coping with anxiety.

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Freud would probably use dream analysis, free association, and other psychoanalytic techniques to uncover any repressed childhood trauma or sexual conflict.

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It is important to note that Freudian therapy is not without its critics. Some people believe that it is too focused on the past and that it does not offer enough practical help for people who are struggling with addiction. 

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Unveiling the Shadow:

 Jung's Approach to Crystal Meth Addiction

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Carl Jung's approach to treating crystal meth addiction would probably focus on helping the person to understand and integrate the unconscious forces that are driving their addiction. Jung believed that addiction is a symptom of a deeper psychological problem and that in order to truly recover, the person must address the underlying issues.

The shadow is a key concept of Jungian psychology. The shadow is the part of the unconscious that contains all of the negative and unacceptable aspects of our personality. The shadow is an important part of the psyche which must be integrated into the conscious personality in order to be whole and healthy.

In the case of crystal meth addiction, Jung would likely focus on helping the person to identify and understand their shadow. I believe he would then help them to learn to accept and integrate the shadow into their conscious personality.

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Jung believed that archetypes are universal symbols and patterns that are embedded in the collective unconscious and that they play an important role in our lives and are useful to help us understand our deepest motivations and desires.

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Jung would possibly look for archetypes that are relevant to someone's addiction. The archetype of the trickster is often associated with addiction and other forms of self-destructive behavior. Jung would strive to find the archetype that is driving someone's addiction to get a deeper understanding of their own motivations.

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A Jungian strategy might contain the following key components:

1. Understand your shadow
1. dream analysis
2. journaling
2. Get to know your shadow - do not shadow shame.
3. Get to know the archetypes relevant to your addiction

JUNG

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Jung was a loyal supporter of Freud early in his career. Freud considered Jung to be his heir apparent, but their friendship and cooperation ended after several years due to theoretical disagreements. Jung was hesitant to embrace the Freudian concept of sexuality and libido and he was critical of Freud's views of human sexuality. Jung developed his own original theory of personality, which attracted a large following. (Shiraev 2016)

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• Jung believed that dreams contain experiences beyond conscious awareness. They should be understood as a multistory house in which the basement is the most fundamental and ancient features

• Jung and Freud disagreed on the theory of dreams. Jung believed that dreams are like mythological stories and images that draw on the experiences of our ancestors. Jung believed that fantasy and our dreams serve as a connector between the experiences of our ancestors and our own experiences.

• Jung was fascinated with mysticism, spirituality, and alchemy, and is seen in his theory of dreams and symbols

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Jung believed that the unconscious mind contains mental relics from earlier generations and that these relics appear in dreams and symbols.

Jung believed that symbols were the unconscious aspects of someone's perception of reality.

Jung argued that memory exists below the threshold of consciousness and manifests on the symbolic level. Jung believed that symbols that spontaneously in dreams provide insights into the individual's unconscious mind.

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  references

Shiraev, E. (2016). Personality Theories. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US). https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781506300795